Socialization Of Social Media - 1259 Words

Introduction Social media has become an integral part of our lives. We are witnessing that individuals are using various social media applications, being cheerful, grieving and signing actions that can change the systems. It seems that social media, which are not so much preoccupied with people who are easily pressured, the fashion of interaction with the internet channel, and the people they like, are now in the main interests of almost everybody who knows how to use computers. While social media is an environment in which people are avoided from socializing, being self-indulgent, more audience-oriented, and for some, socialization can emerge as a manifestation of desire to be appreciated and pursued within communities. Social media,†¦show more content†¦Social media online includes forums, blogs, chat rooms, e-mail, web sites, dictionaries, internet discussion platforms and social networks (Mangold and Faulds, 2009: 358). The most important feature of social media is that individuals can express themselves to others through the internet. Individuals create profiles through the sites they use and can communicate based on them, and they like and interact with others with the help of these profiles. Therefore, it is obliged to customize social media popularity according to the user (Hazar, 2011: 156). In this context, the most important feature that distinguishes the internet from the traditional means of communication is the strong emergence of the interaction in the communication process. In the traditional communication environment, the dominance of the communication process of the user is more prominent in interaction with the internet, despite the fact that the individuals in the communication are in receivership and the intervention to the communication process is limited (Timisi, 2003: The main features of social media can be listed as follows (MavnacÄ ±oÄŸlu, 2009: 64); †¢ It is a chain of internet applications where sharing and discussion are essential without time and space constraints. †¢ Individuals publish their own content on the internet and on the mobileShow MoreRelatedPrimary Socialization And Social Media1528 Words   |  7 PagesPrimary socialization In sociology this is the time when a person starts to acquire knowledge and skills through experiences in his/her environment when they are young. This process begins at home where one learns about the social norms and cultural practices that are accepted in the society. Primary socialization teaches children how to associate with people around them and this equips them with the vital concepts like love, trust, honesty, integrity and togetherness. Family, childhood friends,Read MoreSocial Media Can Destroy Socialization849 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Media Can Destroy Socialization Science and technology has become a catalyst for human development. In recent years, the introduction of computers and the internet has dramatically changed the way we live and interact. From medical discoveries to transportation innovation, information access to space exploration, the internet provided most of the changes in our society at least in the last two decades. However, one possible outcome of such modification may be seen negatively as social networkingRead MoreAgents Of Socialisation : The Mass Media1120 Words   |  5 PagesAgents of Socialisation : The Mass Media In the present day, the media is incorporated into our daily lives. Every day, through newspapers, radio, television, email, the internet and social media, are we sucked into an electronic world, which changes many of our beliefs and values about how we live our lives. It plays such a large role in almost every person’s life compared to 50 years ago, when the internet did not exist. It effects things such as our political views, tastes in music, views of menRead Moreculture and socialization Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pages Socialization can be defined as the process by which people learn to become members of a society (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p.58). Thus, the socialization process of an individual starts from birth and continues throughout life. The period of socialization helps an individual to develop feelings, perceptions, learn the basics of social interaction and also learn to recognize and respond socially to parents and other important people in their lives (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p.58). AccordingRead MoreAgents of Socialization Essay 21461 Words   |  6 PagesAgents of Socialization: An agent of socialization is an individual or institution tasked with the replication of the Social Order. An agent of socialization is responsible for transferring the rules, expectations, norms, values, and folkways of a given social order. In advanced capitalist society, the principle agents of socialization include the family, the media, the school system, religious and spiritual institutions, and peer groups. Specific sites or groups carry out socialization. We callRead MoreSocialization As A Function Of Media1561 Words   |  7 PagesSocialization as a Function of Media Mass media, significantly through mediums that project news and information, greatly affect what and how we learn about the world around us. In particular, television has become the outlet with the greatest socialization impact in its influence on young viewers. The distribution of information has become a part of the process by which people learn about societal values and behaviors and come to understand cultural expectations. Through entertainment and newsRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Socialization1300 Words   |  6 Pages Anti-social socialization: The effects of Technology on socialization of the youth in the 21st century Robert Elz University of North Georgia Abstract In the 21st century, technology is integrated in examines that to every aspect of our lives. It is prevalent is all sections of our culture, our homes, our schools and our communities. But what kind of effect is it having on those in their formative years? Does the abundance of technology have an effect on the newer generationsRead MoreSocialization As Mass Media, Influence Children s Ideologies On How They Should Act891 Words   |  4 Pagesthe discussion of socialization in chapter 5 of the text because it demonstrates how certain agents of socialization, particularly mass media, influence children’s ideologies on how they should act, look and feel. This ideology and contribution of social norms is supported by the article, from CBC news, suggesting how a teenage girl wants to â€Å"quit† social media in order to live in the real world. She went on to explain the reason for quitting her elite position on social media was for her 12-year-oldRead MoreEssay about The Cy cle of Socialization1111 Words   |  5 Pagesdominated by the messages that are constantly fed to us by the media. The media is so powerful that a majority of people do not even realize that it affects them in any way. In fact most people are convinced that they are completely unaffected by it. One of the reasons that the media is so powerful is because of the cycle of socialization. The cycle of socialization can open ones eyes to why our society has specific views ofRead MoreThe Agents Of Socialization : Andrew Vachss1233 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Agents of Socialization Andrew Vachss--an American crime author, child protection consultant, and minority youth lawyer--once said, â€Å"All children are born pure egoists. They perceive their needs to the exclusion of all others. Only through socialization do they learn that some forms of gratification must be deferred and others denied† (Vachss). Vachss’ view that inequalities and prejudice are in fact learned behaviors is supported by analysis of the agents of socialization--the groups that

Causes and Effects of Hunting Regulations - 930 Words

Cause and Effects of Hunting Regulations Hunting is a sport involving people throughout the United States whether it is done for a source of food or just for fun. Each year people across the U.S. spend over ten billion dollars on hunting activities and equipment. In order to protect species of wildlife, each states’ department of natural resources is required to develop numerous hunting regulations. Hunting regulations are basically laws set forth specifically for the hunting population. While these regulations are specified to correctively manage populations, they usually produce unintended effects of hunter safety (Conlin, Dikert-Conlin Pepper, 2009). In 2009 Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources called for changes in hunting†¦show more content†¦The change to allowing the harvesting of both bucks and does was a measure taken in order to decrease the population of does. While the Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources also intended to increase the average age of bucks. The advantage of settin g these hunting regulations will allow for better genetics to be passed throughout the whitetail population (Conlin, Dikert-Conlin Pepper, 2009). Developing hunting regulations also allows for the growth of job outlook in the field of wildlife management. In order to enforce all the regulations set on hunting, officers are needed to watch out over the hunters. Throughout Pennsylvania there is approximately 200 full-time wildlife officers and close to 700 deputy officers. The Pennsylvania Game Commission has also set up a phone line for hunters to report any accidents or harvesting of illegal deer (Conlin, Dikert-Conlin Pepper, 2009). Developing better management skills allows for people to build and operate hunting lodges throughout the state of Pennsylvania. Any hunter that harvests an illegal deer is obligated to deliver it to the Game Commission’s office with a written explanation of the accident. Where the carcass and statement will be examined to determine if it was really an accident or not. One game officer will examine every reported accident and decide what type of fine should be given or any other consequences. In 2003 if the penalty was nominal the fine was only $25 and $500 if it was aShow MoreRelatedSport Hunting Should Be Stricter Regulations1286 Words   |  6 PagesHunting was originally a resourceful activity and a necessity for survival. It was crucial to use the animal for food, clothes, and tools. With the exception of cultures who still depend on this method, there are many developed areas where this is not longer required. From the lack of needing to hunt animals for resources, sport hunting has emerged. This is the recreational act of killing animals to use as trophies. The problem with sport hunting is that it is an unnecessary and unreasonable activityRead MoreHunting Is Not Only Sustainable1464 Words   |  6 PagesHunting has been a way of life and means of survival for many different people groups throughout history. Today however, a large portion of society is becoming less tolerant towards hunting. This anti-hunting sentiment comes as a result of poor hunting practices in the past which damaged wildlife populations; however, much has been done since then to improve the practice of hunting. Hunting today both sustains and helps conserve wildlife. Hunting practices today are sustainable because of strictRead MoreHunting Should Be Allowed1412 Words   |  6 PagesShelby Morgan Professor Colon ENC 1102 July 17, 2009 Hunting Should Be Allowed Hunting is beneficial to our society and therefore should be allowed. Historically human beings have been pursuing wild animals to provide their families with food, clothing, and shelter. In modern times the need for hunting for survival has lessened because of the development of animal husbandry and agriculture. There were times in history worldwide when hunting became profitable and hunters began killing animalsRead MoreWhat s Merica Without Meat1657 Words   |  7 Pagesonly way their families got food. Hundreds of years ago a new invention was made that made hunting a lot easier. After many long years pass and many animals killed by bow and arrow, a new weapon was invented. The deer rifle is very efficient, powerful, and lightweight wich made it easier to carry around. Deer rifles also are a great invention because it help kill the animal faster and with less pain. Hunting was once the only way to supply food for your family, But as time went on it became a wayRead MoreFe ral Hogs Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagesa problem in middle Tennessee. Although these animals are not native to this area, it is believed that the hogs were brought in illegally for sport hunting. Although this move was ill advised, the wild hogs were trapped and brought into North Carolina and Eastern Tennessee. If not controlled, the overpopulation of these animals will continue to cause extensive damage for residents. Wild hogs have continued to overpopulate areas and in an effort to find new land and areas of food sources, have continuedRead MoreThe Interesting Industry of Japanese Whaling Essay700 Words   |  3 Pagesmore about a topic of my choice, I would study about the Japanese whaling industry. Although whale hunting in Japan began in the 12th century, Japan’s involvement in the whaling industry began in the 1890s. The international whaling industry functioned normally until 1925 when the League of Nations called for conservation measures in 1925. This eventually led to the Geneva Convention for the Regulation of Whaling in 1931, which was ignored by Japan and Germany. Instead, as whale catches diminishedRead MoreThe European Rabbit: Natures Pest and Promoter1614 Words   |  7 Pagesextensive research regarding the conservation of European rabbit populations. These researchers found that factors, such as over viral illness, abundant hunting and habitat destruction, have highly contributed to the decline, and lack of improvement in rabbit populations. They concluded that habitat regulation and hunting regulations reducing hunting during breeding season will effectively help improve the populations of the native European rabbits, as well as the predator populations that rely on theRead MoreEssays766 Words   |  4 PagesSample Narrative Essay A Hunting Trip News of the tiger’s attack on a woman spread like wildfire. This was not the tiger’s first appearance in the village. Before this attack, the villagers had lost a few goats and poultry but the disappearances remained a mystery as nobody could confirm that they were a tiger’s doing. Then the tiger struck. This time, the victim was a 32-year-old woman who was washing clothes by Tasik Bina. The villagers at once organized a hunting party. Armed with machetesRead MoreThe Dolphin Slaughter in Taiji Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesevery year between September through March,† Sea Shepherd3. Spear rods are used to kill the dolphins, and that technique turns the waters red with blood. Metal rods are now driven through the dolphins to cause paralysis.1 People should care about this topic because if the killings continue the side effect will be a rapid extinction of the Japanese Bottlenose dolphin, global mercury poisoning from consuming contaminated dolphin meat and major disruption in ocean ecology food chain. A journalist â€Å"Boyd Harnell2Read MoreWildlife Conservation in India1394 Words   |  6 Pagesof useful products like food, medicine, honey, lac, wax, resin, etc. * Colourful birds, insects, beautiful flowers, trees make environment beautiful. * Nature watch and excursions to natural forests and sanctuaries are thrilling experiences. # Hunting for fun or collecting skin, tusks, horns for sale has resulted in extinction of certain species. like the tigers, elephants ,cheetah some variety of birds. †¢ Wildlife Conservation is important for maintaining endangered rare threatened animals n

English Ielts Public Services

Question: Discuss about theEnglish Ieltsfor Public Services. Answer: Introduction: These days, large portions of local governments budget are spent on the visual arts along with the public services. Although, I agree with the notion that investing in local amenities is major priority, I do not consider spending on the visual arts as waste of money. This essay will discuss this issue using examples to support arguments and demonstrate points. Discussion: On the one hand, the social benefit lies in spending a significant amount of the government budget on public services. The quality of citizens lifestyle is determined by the provision on basic amenities, such as hospitals, roads, and schools (Toppings, 2012). For instance, a recent survey by Education Today reveals that countries that spend more on schools have a high literacy rate, around 65%, compared to those that bestow no money to education. Therefore, it is apparent that spending on public services can make governments investment worthwhile. However, this does not mean that the visual arts should be completely neglected. The visual arts also have an important impact on our quality of life. For example, a recent study conducted by the World Health Organization concluded that individuals that regularly visit art galleries are cited as being 20% happier in life than people who do not (Taylor, 2014). Seeing health benefits that people get from the visual arts, it is important that government assist such institutions that they can continue to provide pleasure to public. Conclusion: These days, many local governments spend large portions of their budget not only on public services, but also on the visual arts. I agree that it is important to invest in local amenities I do not think spending on visual arts is a waste of money. References: Taylor, Katy, "EU Member State Government Contribution To Alternative Methods" (2014)ALTEX Toppings, M. Glenn, "Are Art Galleries Obsolete?" (2012) 12Curator: The Museum Journal

O Pioneers! Essays - O Pioneers!, Happiness,

O Pioneers! O Pioneers! After reading the novel, O Pioneers!, it was hard to judge whether it was a tragedy or a triumph. I think the answer you are looking for would be a triumph. The only way I see it as a tragedy is that Emil and Maria died. I knew, since page six of the book, that they were destined to be together. It kind of broke my heart to see later on that she had married someone else. But when her and Emil got shot, I thought it may finish as a tragedy. But overall, I would see it as a triumph in the way that the Bergsons finally got what they wanted out of their land. It made them rich. Also, Alexandra and Carl finally married. And being that the whole novel was basically based on the land, they were triumphant in getting what they risked, what they longed for. In my opinion, I think the land broke the characters rather than the characters breaking the land. Of course the characters had to plant and sew the fields, but they did that every year. It took the forever, it seemed like, for the land to break them. Thats what the Bergsons had worked for their whole life. The land pulls the family together and makes them work hard to get what they want,...money, happiness. It makes them happy. So yes, the land does break them more than they break the land. In considering Cathers characters, I dont think they become fully Americanized within a generation. At the beginning of the novel, it seems like they are more in tuned with the rest of America. They are economically stable. But when Carl comes back on his first visit, Lou and Oscar scorn him about burning Wall Street. Obviously, America is building and becoming more advanced. While still in Nebraska, people are relying on their crops to get them by. They are still dwelling on their traits, beliefs, and actions that past generations had. Romantic love in this particular novel is very hard to judge whether it is necessary for human happiness. I dont think that it was meant to be the moral of the story, or that love was the basis of this particular novel, but I do think that after reading this that it was necessary in order to be happy. Of course, in one instance, love did end in heartbreak, desolation, and destruction with the scenario of Emil and Maria. But in every story, there has to be a sad moment or a fatality that occurs. But overall, it seemed like Alexandra wasnt going to be happy unless Carl came back and she could be with him. Also, she acted as if her money didnt make her as happy as he did. Lou and Oscar also had love in their life. They moved away from the land in order to marry. Love took them over, not the land or the desire to be rich. So yes, I do think that love is necessary for human happiness. Physically, I consider the men in the novel to be the strongest. But if you look at what the people in the novel had to overcome, emotionally, I think the women were stronger. Well into the novel, Lou and Oscar wanted to get rid of the land because they didnt believe that it was worth anything. They kind of gave up. But Alexandra, being the strong one of the family, hung in there and convinced them that it would one day be worth a lot more than when they started out. Alexandra, throughout the whole novel had to deal with some big tragedies. Her mother, father and brother dying. Her best friend dying, Carl walking in and out of her life, and having Lou and Oscar on her back all the time. She was made to be the strongest character of all. I found that the women of this novel to be stronger than the men. I never really considered generational values all that important until I read this story. While trying to wear Alexandras shoes, it made me realize that the things we carry on generation after generation keep getting more and more valuable. For example, farming that land meant more to John Bergson than anything it seemed like. He wanted to keep that land for generations to come because he knew it would be worth a good amount. Alexandra wanted to keep the land in order to have a better lifestyle. It seems like today, no one is worried about farming the land in order to survive in the real world. It seems that in reality, people have to go to

Free Essays on Homlessness In America

The United States of America is often referred to as â€Å"the land of the free† or â€Å"the greatest country in the world.† But for people who actually live here and see tens of thousands of men, women, and children walking the streets everyday with no home to go to, it is hard to believe that people could even categorized this country with a name so impressive. I agree that homelessness is not a problem just of the United States it is one of the world and we must work together to find a way to solve it. (1) In many ways, homelessness represents a new social problem. Excluding during the time of the Great Depression, women and children have never before been on our nation’s streets in such significant numbers. During the 1980s, cutbacks in government benefits attached with rapidly increasing rents and a scarcity of low-income housing jeopardized the stability of all people on reduced or fixed incomes. As a result, the nation’s population of homeless families swelled from almost minor numbers to nearly 1.4 million. In the United States, 3.5 million people experience homelessness during the course of a year. Families are the fastest growing segment of the homeless population, accounting for almost 40 percent of the nation’s homeless. (3) What still confounds many Americans, however is why homeless appears to have become an unchallengeable socio-economic condition in this nation, such that our children may not know an America without it. Most of us can agree that Ameri ca has a strong economy, jobs are available so why doesn’t the â€Å"American Dream† work for everybody? (8) As easy as it seems it is also frustrating that our political leaders in both the White House and Congress have shifted away from the need to address the systematic causes of homelessness and focus nearsightedly and simplistically on the individual responsibility of those who become homeless for the misfortune deemed to be of their own making. It is this nai... Free Essays on Homlessness In America Free Essays on Homlessness In America The United States of America is often referred to as â€Å"the land of the free† or â€Å"the greatest country in the world.† But for people who actually live here and see tens of thousands of men, women, and children walking the streets everyday with no home to go to, it is hard to believe that people could even categorized this country with a name so impressive. I agree that homelessness is not a problem just of the United States it is one of the world and we must work together to find a way to solve it. (1) In many ways, homelessness represents a new social problem. Excluding during the time of the Great Depression, women and children have never before been on our nation’s streets in such significant numbers. During the 1980s, cutbacks in government benefits attached with rapidly increasing rents and a scarcity of low-income housing jeopardized the stability of all people on reduced or fixed incomes. As a result, the nation’s population of homeless families swelled from almost minor numbers to nearly 1.4 million. In the United States, 3.5 million people experience homelessness during the course of a year. Families are the fastest growing segment of the homeless population, accounting for almost 40 percent of the nation’s homeless. (3) What still confounds many Americans, however is why homeless appears to have become an unchallengeable socio-economic condition in this nation, such that our children may not know an America without it. Most of us can agree that Ameri ca has a strong economy, jobs are available so why doesn’t the â€Å"American Dream† work for everybody? (8) As easy as it seems it is also frustrating that our political leaders in both the White House and Congress have shifted away from the need to address the systematic causes of homelessness and focus nearsightedly and simplistically on the individual responsibility of those who become homeless for the misfortune deemed to be of their own making. It is this nai...

Quotes From William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet

Quotes From William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet,  one of Shakespeares iconic tragedies,  is a play about star-crossed lovers, their romance doomed from the start. It is one of the most famous plays of the English Renaissance, consistently taught and staged at high schools and colleges. As their families feud to the death, Romeo and Juliet, the two young lovers, are caught between disparate worlds. The unforgettable play is filled with fights, secret marriages, and untimely deaths–along with some of Shakespeares most famous lines. Love and Passion The romance of Romeo and Juliet is perhaps the most famous in all of literature. The young lovers, despite their families objections, will do anything to be together, even if they must meet in secret. During their private rendezvous, the characters give voice to some of Shakespeares most romantic speeches. What sadness lengthens Romeos hours? / Not having that, which, having, makes them short. / In love? / Out / Of love? Out of her favor, where I am in love. [Act 1, Scene 1] One fairer than my love? The all-seeing sun / Neer  saw her match since first the world begun. [Act 1, Scene 2] Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! / For I neer saw true beauty till this night. [Act 1, Scene 5] My bounty is as boundless as the sea / My love as deep; the more I give to thee, / The more I have, for both are infinite. [Act 2, Scene 2] Good Night, Good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow, that I shall say good night till it  be  morrow. [Act 2, Scene 2] See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand! /  O that I  were  a glove upon that hand, /  that I might touch that cheek! [Act 2, Scene 2] These violent delights have violent ends / And in their triumph die, like fire and powder, / Which as they kiss consume. [Act 2, Scene 3] Family and Loyalty Shakespeares young lovers come from two families–the Montagues and the Capulets–that are sworn enemies of each other. The clans  have kept alive their ancient grudge for years. In their love for each other, Romeo and Juliet have each betrayed their family name. Their story shows what happens when this sacred bond is broken. What, drawn, and talk of peace? I hate the word, / As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. [Act 1, Scene 1] O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? / Deny thy father and refuse thy name. / Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love / And Ill no longer be a Capulet. [Act 2, Scene 2] â€Å"Whats in a name? that which we call a rose  /  By any other name would smell as sweet.†Ã‚  [Act 2, Scene 2] A plague o both your houses! [Act 3, Scene 1] Fate From the very beginning of the play, Shakespeare announces Romeo and Juliet as a story of destiny and fate. The young lovers are star-crossed, doomed to ill fortune, and their romance can only end in tragedy. The play unfolds with an inevitability reminiscent of Greek tragedy, as forces in motion slowly crush the young innocents who try to defy them. Two households, both alike in dignity  /  In fair Verona, where we lay our scene  /  From ancient grudge break to new mutiny  /  Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.  /  From forth the fatal loins of these two foes  /  A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life  /  Whose misadventured piteous overthrows  /  Do with their death bury their parents strife.†Ã‚  [Prologue] This days black fate on more days doth depend: / This but begins the woe others must end. [Act 3, Scene 1] â€Å"Oh, I am fortunes fool!†Ã‚  [Act 3, Scene 1]

Environmental Change and its Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Change and its Protection - Essay Example There are organizations in most countries that operate on a non-profit basis for the betterment of various elements of the earth. Progress on this front, is however, often slow as funds are mostly limited. This paper shall look at how people can make a difference in their own homes and in school. These two areas are inter-linked and what one learns at school is essentially what one also seeks to implement at home and vice-versa. As children need to be trained regarding the protection of the environment, it is important that what is done in these two places and what can be done in these two places is analysed and changes proposed. In most homes, while children go to school, they are provided with lunches in brown bags. This is a potential area for change and the paper that is saved when one takes the number of bags that children all over the United States of America take to school into account. What, one may ask, is the alternative to sending such packaged meals? The answer lies in re usable containers that would not require more and more paper to be consumed. This would result in the reusing of certain elements and would also prevent the cutting down of trees that happen so as to create the paper bags that are used to package lunches. To make such activities more entertaining for the children, it may be useful to create reusable boxes that are more colorful and presentable. These boxes would also help prevent children from having to carry packaged fruit which can then be placed within the box. This is also a healthier option as far as dietary habits are concerned (Younes, 2012). In many schools, obsolete materials are allowed to lie around the premises. Disposal of this waste would be the first step towards creating a clean and environment-friendly society. This would require infrastructure that would enable a quick and efficient disposal of such material that would not be very costly for the person who disposes of it. Incentives may be offered to the school or society that seeks to dispose of its waste in such a manner. Such incentives would keep the schools and societies on the lookout for opportunities for funds from the government or agencies that may then channel the resource in a commercially viable manner. The materials that are collected can be recycled and they can be sold back into the community leading to more funds for an industry that could be dependent on saving the environment. Recycling is also at this point of time in history, in the United States of America, an aspect of the society that is funded and accepted by the state as an area of priority. This makes the use of the elements of the environment in a sustainable way easier for the common man as he or she is aware of the fact that they have a partner who is willing to share the load financially. The support that the government of America provides for the movement is financial and also moral. It is also bureaucratic in so much so that it enables a quick transition from the stage of idea to that of reality (Obama, 2010). For instance, the idea that has been discussed in this paper, that of the transition to reusable boxes that lunch can be carried in to school from paper bags can be quickened up through legislative intervention. For instance, the rates of paper bags can be increased while the taxes on reusable goods can be reduced. Apart from this, incentives can be offered to areas that record a large increase in the amount that they have

International society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International society - Essay Example The group of people triumphed with the help of human forces of the world, and they returned back to reunite with their families. In the end, human resistance around the world destroyed the craft of the aliens. This shows the relevance of the myth that there is an international society. International society refers to values and norms that are shared by states and how they guide international relations (Weber p57). Some of the norms that states of the world share include: diplomacy, international law, and order. It is mainly concerned with humanitarian intervention. Independence Day shows a good example of humanitarian intervention as human forces across the world came together to destroy the aliens who had invaded the world. In the movie, the moral good shared by human populations around the world defeated irredeemable evil forces. Comically, the Independence Day movie demonstrates that even without formal order like in anarchy, it is possible for the world to set aside their differences and unite for the good of all humankind. The invasion of the world by aliens in the movie united humanity against the invaders. In the movie, humans are defined as being morally good. This can be seen in the movie when everyone starts to focus on helping one another as the aliens begin to destroy cities worldwide. In a world full of divisions and individuality, there could be looting of goods and extortion of services. Instead, people helped one another (Weber p47). A good example of this situation of humanity is seen when Jasmine rescues everyone she comes across as she roams the streets of Los Angeles, without considering their backgrounds or asking for anything in return. The Independence Day was therefore considered in the movie to be a time when people are morally good and are ready to help other people who share in that moral goodness. Morse code was used in the movie as a form of international communication to bring together militaries across the world. It was

The Funerals of Sclyd and Beowulf Essay Example for Free

The Funerals of Sclyd and Beowulf Essay The opening of the Beowulf is the funeral of Sclyd, his clan is preparing him for his funeral and sending his body to God, As they prepare him for his voyage, I use this as an important word because as we continue to read of the grief of his clan we find out that they instead of a funeral pyre as was common in some cultures of the time that his clan filled the ship with the bounty from as it said far and wide. Setting him out to sea upon a ship or barge as it is also referred to in this passage. It is interesting that this is the way the clan set their beloved Lord to his final rest because the Historic funeral show that the Scandinavians practice of setting them out to sea with one twist, they generally set the barge or ship carrying the deceased on fire in the passage where they send Sclyd off to his final rest they do not set him on fire but fill the ship with many riches. There were a couple of reasons for burning the body at that time, one was to keep the spirit of the deceased from coming back to harm the living, it was also for the purpose of â€Å"Freeing the Spirit† so that it could enter the afterlife with the Gods. One interesting point in the passage of Scyld’s death is the part where they fill the ship with the riches of far and wide. This was not a normal Scandinavian practice in this practice originated with the ancient Egyptian practices of burying the possessions of the Pharaohs with them in their crypts. It is a curious cross of cultures. They loaded the ship with weapons, shields and upon his chest his breast plate and helmet were laid. In the death of Beowulf we see a far different funeral scene. The difference between the two is telling, while Scyld’s body is cast to the sea on a ship carrying with him his riches. Beowulf, however, was buried in a different manor all together he was placed upon a funeral pyre, following the proper burial of the times. There were no riches to surround him although before his death he did request to see the treasures guarded by the dragon that he fought and lost his life too. There is an interesting contrast between the two of these men while Sclyd was considered a lord and given a burial that his clan felt was befitting his status, Beowulf was a prince of his people and yet his burial was in the traditions of the Nordic clans of the time, they believed that setting the soul free was the best way to honor their fallen hero. In the funeral there is the sorrow of his queen, as she sings her pain for all to hear. As they mourned him they set him on fire and the blaze burned all that was upon his pyre. What was most interesting is what they did after they built as he requested a mound that over looked the sea so that sailors would see it as they sailed by, they then built a wall where they put his ashes behind the wall and placed the treasures from his last battle with him. Then the warriors the same who had failed to aide him when he needed them rode in a circle and told of their grief and sorrow. They left the great warrior among the kings that he had gone to join. The contrast between the two cultures is evident in the passages as you read seeing how the people dealt with the death of each man, while Beowulf’s men grieved him they carried out his final wishes and built the great mound that he asked them to do. While Sclyd was laid to rest an old man with his many riches there was no great out cry of mourning it was simply they mourned their honored lord. References Historic Funeral Practices-Roger D. Sellers- http://www. sellersfuneralhome. com Beowulf- By Dr. David Breeden-http://www. lnstar. com/literature/beowulf/index. html http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0015-587X(195012)61%3A4%3C169%3ATHOTDA%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-I

Chromatography of Dyes :: Chromatography Experiments Dye Essays

Chromatography of Dyes An extremely common technique by using two chemicals and filter paper can give you sufficient information. A well-done Chromatography of dyes will provide you with enough data to determine if a liquid mixture is heterogeneous or homogenous . In a learning activity you can separate and possibly identify food dyes in some drinks mixes and food colors. The effect of solvent polarity or the ability to separate and elute compounds will also be demonstrated. In this experiment you will need to use the equation Xcm/Acm=RF value. The length of A, is the length of the longest line of the food dye or food coloring. The Length of X is the length of all the other variables. In the experiment the lengths will be measured in Centimeters. Experimental Procedure You will need to obtain a piece of standard filter paper approximately 10*15 cm. Use a pencil to draw a line parallel to one of the longer edges, about 1 cm from the edge. Make 10 dashes on the pencil line, be sure to have them evenly distributed. At this point you will spot each of the 5 standards on separate dashes. Be sure to write down which liquid is at which dash. Then choose two food colors and two drink mixes, and spot them on the remaining four dashes. Curl the filter paper into a cylinder, make sure colors out, and staple the edges together. Do not allow the edges of the filter paper to overlap. Add approximately 10 ml of a 7:3 isopropanol:water mixture to your 600 mL beaker, then carefully place the chromatogram into the beaker the colored spots must be higher than the solvent. Be sure to cover the beaker, remove, lay out to dry then measure when the solvent is 1 to 2 cm from the top. Repeat all the above steps but use 0.1% NaCl in the place of the 7:3 isopropanol. By comp aring the colors of the spots in the standards and the unknowns, and the distances the spots moved, you should be able to tell what compounds are present in the food colors and drink mixes. Some of the food colors and drink mixes may contain only one dye, and some may contain more than one.

Economics Project Market Failure Essay

Ans. A market failure takes place when – Free markets allocate resources inefficiently. The production in an economy is not Pareto optimal as shown on the PPF graph. At A the production is inefficient and at X it is impossible with the current resources. Market failures can take place in all these situations – 1. There is a lack of merit goods such as food in the economy which leads to market failure. 1. There is overprovision of demerit goods which could harm society. For example – drugs, cigarettes etc. 1. There is a lack of public goods as private firms are not ready to produce them as they are not profitable. 1. There is a huge income gap. The rich are too wealthy and the poor are very poor. 1. There is environmental degradation or any negative externality which causes a market failure. 1. There are too many monopolies formed all of which exploit consumers by charging unrealistic prices. 1 of 6 Economics Project – Market Failure Research Question 2 – How does the government deal with market failures? Ans. The government can take the following steps – 1. Taxation – Income tax, sales tax and other ad valorem taxes help generate government revenue to provide merit and public goods. Taxes can be imposed on the production of demerit good to reduce production. Taxes can also be imposed on firms which pollute the environment causing negative externalities. 1. Subsidies – Payments from the government to firms are given to encourage the production of merit and at times public goods. For example – food for everyone, public transport, post service etc. 1. Legislation and Regulation – If taxes and subsidies fail to work then the government can use the law and imply regulations. The government could limit or ban the production of demerit goods such as cigarettes as well as heavily penalise firms which do not comply with the eco – friendly standards set by the government. 1. Tradable Permits – These are used to control the total greenhouse emissions of an economy. The government calculates how much CO2 can be emitted and divides this among all the firms. Some firms might not want high permits and might sell some of theirs. Others might buy from them as they are unable to cut down on their greenhouse gas emissions. 2 of 6 Economics Project – Market Failure Research Question 3 / 4 – How effective is the use of taxation and subsidies? What are the opportunity costs? Ans. The efficacy is as follows – Uses of taxes – 1. Raises revenue for the government which is spent on providing public goods such as defence and merit goods such as food for the poor. It can also be used to offset the interest on national debt. 1. Environmental taxes help reduce pollution and other negative externalities. Landfill taxes, plastic bag taxes etc. are new taxes which reduce social costs. Demerit taxes help to reduce the production of demerit goods which are harmful for society such as cigarettes. Causes for inefficacy of taxes and opportunity costs – 1. Most demerit goods have an inelastic demand. Thus, the producers can pass on most of the burden of the tax on the consumers by hiking the prices. However, as the demand is inelastic it does not react much to the rise in price and thus the quantity consumed remains the same thus defeating the main purpose of taxation. 3 of 6 1. The government does not have proper information when setting the level of environmental taxes as social costs cannot be easily equated to monetary values. Also, firms may commit fraud by reducing pollution when checks take place and polluting the environment liberally at other times. 1. High taxes on companies may cause higher unemployment. As the profit margins of private firms decreases they would tend to cut down on costs and thus might make some of their labour force redundant. Uses of subsidies – 1. To reduce inflation as this causes prices to rise. Due to inflation many low – income households are unable to purchase basic necessities such as food and clothing. The subsidies help bring the prices of these goods down. 1. Encourages provision and consumption of merit goods which lead to positive externalities or social benefits. It ensures that there is no under provision and under consumption of merit goods. Food for everyone can be merit good. 1. Maintain or increase the revenue of producers during tough times such as a recession or economic downturn. Subsidies help producers raise their profit margins and would therefore save them from getting bankrupt during a recession. 4 of 6 Causes for inefficacy of subsidies and opportunity costs – 1. Subsidies tend to distort the market prices as at times only certain industries and firms are given subsidies. This can lead to misallocation of resources and can end up in a market failure itself. 1. Subsidies provide arbitrary assistance. If a certain firm is favoured by the government it will be given more subsidies. Furthermore, fraud can take place as subsidies can be allocated unwisely. 1. The financial cost of the subsidies can at times be too high. This leads us to think whether that much government revenue could be put to another use such as defence or street – lighting. This is a major opportunity cost of giving subsidies. 1. The ones who pay for the subsidy, consumers (taxpayers) might not always benefit from the subsidies and thus the ones who pay are not always the ones who benefit thus making subsidy payments unfair.

The Going by Thomas Hardy

Hardy almost appears unaware of the years passed distanced from his wife ntil the fifth stanza, suggesting her death has the effect of a virtual awakening, allowing him to finally accept it, yet not settle from mourning it ,as is made evident by the following 1912-13 poems. The Repetition of â€Å"Why' beginning the first, third, and fifth stanza illustrate Hardys rejection of Emma's death, probably resulting from the regret of not having taken advantage of the time she was alive. Hardy feels Emma â€Å"calmly' died with â€Å"indifference†, giving way to intense feelings of remorse in the following stanza's.His uspicion of her carelessness is further highlighted in the second stanza as she is described to have â€Å"never to bid goodbye† – â€Å"or lip [him] the softest call†. Emma's apparent alienation of hardy suggests she deliberately left him in response to â€Å"those days long dead† where she was as good as dead to Hardy. Moreover Hardy rem ains unsettled by the fact that death or Emma offered â€Å"no hint† of her â€Å"going†. Deaths unexpectedness emphasizes its fragility, and tendency to â€Å"quickly – and calmly' occur at any â€Å"moment, and alter all†.The use of the oxymoron, quickly – and calmly' to describe death may suggest Hardys state of confusion due to the swiftness of it all happening, as well as him actually not knowing how she died because he was not there. In addition the aural imagery created through the use of the monosyllabic words, â€Å"up and be gone†, has the effect of emphasizing deaths suddenness. The â€Å"IloW' sound created by the feminine end rhyme of â€Å"where I could not follow – with wing of swallow' has the effect of something continuous, in this case suggesting Hardys growing distance from Emma now that she is dead, as well as oreshadowing the long period of grief to come. The Going† is reference to Emma's gradual fading f rom Hardys memory. Emma death is also described to be a â€Å"swift fleeing† and a â€Å"great going†. Death and the after life are never referred to explicitly. Therefore Hardys use of euphemisms illustrate his avoidance of reality, as well as his fear of acknowledging Emma's death. Furthermore, Hardys commemorations of his courtship with Emma in the fourth stanza further stresses this point. The tone of the poem shifts during this process, as he cadence begins to rise, revealing the Joy Hardy feels whilst remembering Emma alive.It almost seems as if Hardy is attempting to â€Å"follow' Emma through his memories of her. Hardys eventually recollects the moments where him and Emma were most distant and â€Å"did not spear or â€Å"visit together those places that they once visited†. By this point, regret dominates Hardys feelings and the poem. Furthermore, in the first stanza Emma's is described to have passed on â€Å"quickly after the morrows dawn† â⠂¬â€œ the use of the word â€Å"dawn† adds a sense of light to poem, allowing readers to imagine the sun rising.This may symbolize Emma's soul rising from her dead corpse, as well as, portraying an ambiance of increasing light. Hardy deliberately eliminates this semblance of light to depict his increasing sense of grief. In the third stanza, the use of the words â€Å"darkening dankness† and â€Å"yawning blankness† coupled with Hardys description of his wife's hallucination â€Å"at dusk†, convey this diffusion of light. In the final stanza Hardy appears to be undergoing acceptance, suggested by the use of the words â€Å"well, well†. Nevertheless his grief has not yet subsided.The broken yntax alters the rhythm, as well as giving the impression of it faltering forward. Hardy describes himself as a â€Å"dead man held on end to sink down soon†, this conflicts with the â€Å"rising† of Emma in the first stanza, nevertheless, may imply the same idea. Hardy is now plagued with a wish to Join his wife in the after life, yet this does not bring them any closer to her, as Hardy feels he'll â€Å"sink down† instead of rising up. In addition, similarly to the sun â€Å"rising† in the first stanza, the use of â€Å"sink down† may symbolize the sun now sinking, bringing about darkness. The Going by Thomas Hardy Hardy almost appears unaware of the years passed distanced from his wife ntil the fifth stanza, suggesting her death has the effect of a virtual awakening, allowing him to finally accept it, yet not settle from mourning it ,as is made evident by the following 1912-13 poems. The Repetition of â€Å"Why' beginning the first, third, and fifth stanza illustrate Hardys rejection of Emma's death, probably resulting from the regret of not having taken advantage of the time she was alive. Hardy feels Emma â€Å"calmly' died with â€Å"indifference†, giving way to intense feelings of remorse in the following stanza's.His uspicion of her carelessness is further highlighted in the second stanza as she is described to have â€Å"never to bid goodbye† – â€Å"or lip [him] the softest call†. Emma's apparent alienation of hardy suggests she deliberately left him in response to â€Å"those days long dead† where she was as good as dead to Hardy. Moreover Hardy rem ains unsettled by the fact that death or Emma offered â€Å"no hint† of her â€Å"going†. Deaths unexpectedness emphasizes its fragility, and tendency to â€Å"quickly – and calmly' occur at any â€Å"moment, and alter all†.The use of the oxymoron, quickly – and calmly' to describe death may suggest Hardys state of confusion due to the swiftness of it all happening, as well as him actually not knowing how she died because he was not there. In addition the aural imagery created through the use of the monosyllabic words, â€Å"up and be gone†, has the effect of emphasizing deaths suddenness. The â€Å"IloW' sound created by the feminine end rhyme of â€Å"where I could not follow – with wing of swallow' has the effect of something continuous, in this case suggesting Hardys growing distance from Emma now that she is dead, as well as oreshadowing the long period of grief to come. The Going† is reference to Emma's gradual fading f rom Hardys memory. Emma death is also described to be a â€Å"swift fleeing† and a â€Å"great going†. Death and the after life are never referred to explicitly. Therefore Hardys use of euphemisms illustrate his avoidance of reality, as well as his fear of acknowledging Emma's death. Furthermore, Hardys commemorations of his courtship with Emma in the fourth stanza further stresses this point. The tone of the poem shifts during this process, as he cadence begins to rise, revealing the Joy Hardy feels whilst remembering Emma alive.It almost seems as if Hardy is attempting to â€Å"follow' Emma through his memories of her. Hardys eventually recollects the moments where him and Emma were most distant and â€Å"did not spear or â€Å"visit together those places that they once visited†. By this point, regret dominates Hardys feelings and the poem. Furthermore, in the first stanza Emma's is described to have passed on â€Å"quickly after the morrows dawn† â⠂¬â€œ the use of the word â€Å"dawn† adds a sense of light to poem, allowing readers to imagine the sun rising.This may symbolize Emma's soul rising from her dead corpse, as well as, portraying an ambiance of increasing light. Hardy deliberately eliminates this semblance of light to depict his increasing sense of grief. In the third stanza, the use of the words â€Å"darkening dankness† and â€Å"yawning blankness† coupled with Hardys description of his wife's hallucination â€Å"at dusk†, convey this diffusion of light. In the final stanza Hardy appears to be undergoing acceptance, suggested by the use of the words â€Å"well, well†. Nevertheless his grief has not yet subsided.The broken yntax alters the rhythm, as well as giving the impression of it faltering forward. Hardy describes himself as a â€Å"dead man held on end to sink down soon†, this conflicts with the â€Å"rising† of Emma in the first stanza, nevertheless, may imply the same idea. Hardy is now plagued with a wish to Join his wife in the after life, yet this does not bring them any closer to her, as Hardy feels he'll â€Å"sink down† instead of rising up. In addition, similarly to the sun â€Å"rising† in the first stanza, the use of â€Å"sink down† may symbolize the sun now sinking, bringing about darkness.

Criminal Prosecution of Managers as a Weapon against Corporate Crime essays

Criminal Prosecution of Managers as a Weapon against Corporate Crime essays Which laws are broken in the current cases at issue' Recently, a number of headline-grabbing cases, such as the accounting fraud that existed at the Enron Corporation, have highlighted the role of management at various corporations and in the financial industry, in the commission of corporate crime. The role of accountants and the major corporate accounting firms, as well as the chief financial advisors of corporations and the management personnel whom may or may not be aware of illegal accounting activities, are now under strict scrutiny by the SEC. The Securities and Exchange Commission has attempted to become more vigilant in policing and prosecuting illegal activities in recent years. (Asarita, 2002). It is illegal for companies to release fraudulent or even misleading information regarding their company's performance. (Chartier, 2002) However, to a certain extent, these companies state that their managerial, non-accounting staff must trust' what the expert accountants sayafter all, that's why the accountants are considered the experts. However, it is also alleged that managers can pressure their accountants to release fraudulent information, which is illegal. But it is difficult to prove that managers or CEOs knew that this information was fraudulent, or pressured accountants to do so after the fact. Often, the pressure process is so subtle, the SEC has difficulty knowing who knew when, and who said what. Thus, a legal Gordian knot results that is Last year, the number of accounting fraud cases investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission jumped forty-one percent, according to agency data, resulting in tens of millions of dollars in fines upon the offending companies to settle the charges. This jump is largely attributed, not simply to more creative forensic accounting techniques in discovering illegal accounting meas...

City Spotlight Tampa, FL

City Spotlight Tampa, FL historically, tampa bay, florida, has been known for its beaches, cigar manufacturing, and phosphate production. but did you also know it’s a thriving town filled with: festivals- from the annual gasparilla pirate festival to sunset music festival and tampapalooa, there is always something to do, see, drink, or eat in tampa, all year round.culture- the tampa museum of art, the ringling, and the straz performing arts center offer entertainment for all ages.public transit- the historic streetcar system will take you from downtown to ybor city and the channel district.food- don’t miss restaurants like datz for brunch, taco bus for mexican, and berns and charley’s for steak.sports- tampa’s sports saturation has something for everyone. major league baseball, football, and hockey call tampa home, and of course many mlb teams’ spring training facilities are just a car ride away.family-friendly activities- the new curtis hixon park and the tampa lowry park zoo provide the whole family with active outdoor fun.besides all the fun stuff, tampa is also an up-and-coming region for employment and housing opportunities.tampa bay’s astonishing 33,398 new job openings  last month were behind only atlanta (34,492), boston (38,101), los angeles (42,961) and no. 1 new york (43,879)!a city where young workers can thriveaccording to tampabay.org, the city ranked among the top 10 large metro areas for college-educated young talent on the move. the latest census data reveals that young people aged 25 to 29 are increasingly more mobile and willing to move to new cities- consider tampa if you’re about to be on the relocation market. the careeredge funders collaborative funds nonprofit workforce-development initiatives, and tampa is seeing the benefits of these kinds of investments.top industries in tampasome of america’s most promising companies are located in tampa bay. sarasota-based internet communication systems and service p rovider star2star communications was named among america’s 100 most promising companies in 2011 by forbes. according to fastcompany magazine, florida’s start-ups are also thriving. from the hub in sarasota, to tampa bay wave’s first wave program, to large events such as start-up weekend and initiatives like the tampa bay 6/20 plan, tampa bay’s entrepreneurs are keeping busy.overall, health care employs roughly 350,000 people in the greater tampa bay area, and broadly includes work in nursing, health administration, insurance, dentistry, nursing homes, clinics, pharmacies, health education, regulation, technology, specialized manufacturing and a host of other subsets of the industry.the university of south florida is ranked 50th in the nation for research expenditures by the national science foundation among all u.s. universities, public or private.a strong military presencetampa bay is home to macdill air force base, the only military installation that ho sts two 4-star combatant commands, the u.s. central command, and u.s. special operations command. macdill contributes $5 billion annually to the greater tampa bay economy.top employers from tampa1. baycare health system2. manpowergroup3.  robert half4. lowe’s5. randstad6. kelly services7. general dynamics information technology8. oracle9. citimost popular job types in tampa1.healthcare2.computers3.sales4.general5.financial services and bankingand if all of that weren’t compelling enough, tampa’s views are scenic and its bar scene is hopping- take a trip and see if you feel at home!

Psychology of Exercise & Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Psychology of Exercise & Health - Essay Example Approximately 2 million deaths every year are attributable to physical inactivity; and preliminary findings from a WHO study on risk factors suggest that sedentary lifestyle is one of the ten leading causes of death and disability in the world. Physical inactivity increases all causes mortality, doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and obesity. It also increases the risks of colon and breast cancer, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, depression and anxiety." (World Health Organization 2002) The transtheoretical model (TTM) of behaviour change, developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, is a model of intentional behaviour change which focuses on the decision making of the individual. Originally designed to describe changes in addictive behaviour, the TTM has expanded to include the adoption of preventive health behaviours and the use of medical services (Burkholder & Evers, 2002). In the early 1990s, Marcus and others applied the TTM to exercise behaviour (Marcus, Selby et al., 1992). Since then, several researchers have used the TTM to develop exercise interventions. The TTM suggests that people do not change all at once, rather they move through a series of five stages toward behaviour change. There are three pre-action stages and two action stages, each defined by a temporal component related to the behaviour change. People in the first stage of pre-contemplation are not exercising and have no intention to exercise. In contemplation, people intend to exercise in the distant future, beginning sometime in the next 6 months. Preparation is the third stage where people intend to begin to exercise sometime in the next 30 days. The next stage, action, occurs when the person begins to exercise for at least 1 day to 6 months. In the stage of maintenance, the person has been exercising consistently for at least 6 months. The transtheoretical model proposes a set of constructs that are thought to influence movement through stages of change. These constructs include self-efficacy, decisional balance, and the processes of change. Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capability to engage successfully in a specific behaviour. Decisional balance is the evaluation of the pros and cons of engaging in the target behaviour. The processes of change are the cognitive and behavioural strategies used for changing behaviour and moving through the five identified stages: consciousness raising; dramatic relief; environmental re-evaluation; self re-evaluation and social liberation. Decisional balance, an analysis of the pros and cons of the behaviour change, is believed to influence exercise behaviour. Based on the work of Janis and Mann (1977), perceived costs and benefits to oneself and significant others influence behaviour change. Pros tend to increase to action and level off, while cons decrease with movement to each subsequent stage. Most of the evidence for exercise indicates that the crossover occurs during the preparation stage, which is consistent with several other behaviours. Prochaska and DiClemente identified 10 basic processes or strategies people

International marketing - the case of Mcdonald's Essay

International marketing - the case of Mcdonald's - Essay Example Differences in culture, behaviour and customer needs across nations have posed new challenges while also providing new opportunities in international marketing. These have altered the segmenting, targeting of the market and product positioning. Thus international marketing strategy is a comprehensive effort which entails deployment of the marketing mix to create a sustainable advantage in the international market place (Wong and Merrilees, 2007). The right marketing mix and the marketing decision can change the brand perception and enhance the firm’s reputation leading to strong brand performance. The power of global brands can be used as a means of international entry but such brands also have to adapt to cultural and other environmental conditions. 2. Company Background McDonald's is one of the most respected and recognized brands in the world. Its success is ascertained from the fact that the organization has over 33,000 franchisees across the world, operating in 119 countr ies and serving over 47 million people each day (Han, 2008). McDonald's has achieved success purely because of its ‘think global, act local’ strategy that it has adopted in all its markets. Initially however, McDonald's had an ethnocentric approach to international marketing as it tried to replicate the home country elements overseas. However, through experience and knowledge it adopted the polycentric approach and focused on the demands of the host country. 3. Standardization and Adaptation Gilani and Razeghi (2010) do not consider it necessary to adapt to the elements of the marketing mix to suit to local tastes as markets have become globalized. However, globalization has not homogenised cultures. Standardization which pertains to identical product lines at identical prices, distributed through identical distribution lines with identical promotional programs (Zou, Andrus, Norvell, 1997), is not feasible in the changed business environment as this demonstrates a produ ct-centred approach whereas organizations need to have a customer-centric approach. McDonald's, in order to fit in to the new market demands, adjusted the entire marketing strategy including how they distribute and promote their brand. The company re-designed its marketing mix based on the product positioning, branding and design. 4. Product Positioning Product positioning is the product’s positioning and image that lends it a distinct value and place in the target segment’s mind (Liu and Chen, 2000). Since buyers differ in their attitudes, lifestyle and behaviour, these differences help in market segmentation. Within each segment product positioning strategy has to differ. McDonald's initially positioned itself as the market leader with low-priced quality food (Need Coffee, 2005). McDonald’s continuously strives to serve the customers better as its vision is to be the ‘world’s best quick service restaurant experience and ensure that every customer in every restaurant smiles (Andidas, 2003). However, as it entered the Asian markets, particularly China, it had to reposition itself. Burgers in China are perceived by the elders as providing nutritional value while the youth seeks taste (Anderson and He, 1998). Even though they do not relish pizzas or fast food, but the Chinese consumers would like to be seen at fast food outlets. McDonald's strategy was to provide the ambience, music and the environment that attracted the Chinese consu

Explaining Second Language Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Explaining Second Language Learning - Essay Example After evaluating and analyzing all theories presented by Lightbown and Spada, we shall conclude which theory has consistencies. Cognitive theory is consistent because it draws how the mind can achieve second languages irrespective of the role of environment and social context. Therefore, cognitive theory has proven to be consistent than sociocultural and social interaction theories. This is because sociocultural and social interaction theories focus on the role of environment and social context, thus making these theories be inconsistent (Lightbown, & Spada, 2012). Cognitive theory helps us understand that all second language learners, irrespective of their environment and social context have at present learned and acquired at least one language. It also elucidates that the human mind has the capability of learning anything new. Thus, it explains that human cognizance can be divided into twofold complex kinds of representation: prior knowledge and procedural knowledge (Lightbown, & Spada, 2012). Prior knowledge represents first language acquisition that is stored in long-term memory through schemas and images, and procedural knowledge represents L2 and this indicates that the human minds have the aptitude of learning anything new successfully. So, the central fact that makes cognitive theory consistent is the ability to expound that learning begins with prior knowledge, which is slowly modified to become proceduralized knowledge (Lightbown, & Spada, 2012). This means that learners of second languages have a conscious mind with advanced fluency and competency of the first language, and this will orient their thinking and speaking toward second language acquisition. Subsequently, cognitive theory expounds that the mind work in an information-processing model and this help human learning to achieve. For second language acquisition to be

Factors That Affect The Achievement Of The Operational Excellence Business Essay

Factors That Affect The Achievement Of The Operational Excellence Business Essay One of the most competitive industries in the world is the pharmaceutical industry. For a long time, the operation of the pharmaceutical companies has been subject to scrutiny, especially by the government of each country of operation. The underlying reasons for the strict attention include: the cost of medicines and drugs available for purchase, the reduced life cycle of product development, the technological advancements which impact operations and the nature of the health care systems. Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry, like other businesses, is affected by factors such as the issues of human resources development and sensitivity to culture and diversity. In fact, they all have influenced the birth of the new and improved meaning of operational excellence. The increasing demands for an improved productivity and manufacturing costs have been the growing concern of pharmaceutical companies today. The need to meet the fast changing needs of the market for a much higher standard and quality drugs has also resulted to increased expectations not only from the consumers but from all stakeholders (suppliers, investors, employees and the government). However, the quest for a much potent product is a very significant issue. The common goal is to reduce the attrition rate in bringing new medicines in the market as well as in creating a fair and efficient standard in choosing the best pharmaceutical company to award the patent. As more and more consumers are becoming concern of the drug s its short-term efficacy and its long-term side effects, marketing for the drug has also become more innovative and active. In this view, the operational processes and engineering for pharmaceutical product has come to a new level. Introduction The old adage Health is Wealth is generally true nothing can be more valuable than being healthy and alive. The objective of the government of every country around the world to provide its public with health care services has been notable but still incomplete and unsuccessful. Not only the poor and underdeveloped countries are the ones having problems with high medical costs and insurances but even the developed or economically strong countries. There are many factors that contribute to the inability of the government to properly provide for its people in terms of health care, for one, the health service is truly an expensive part of man s need to live and the costs of services are high because medical equipments are expensive not mentioning the maintenance cost of every hospital. Hence, the need to secure the health benefits of the people has become the motivating factor for the government to present in an agenda, its health objectives for the American Nation. Statement of the Problem The pharmaceutical business is one of the most important industries in the world. The benefits people gain from the results of research and development conducted by the pharmaceutical firms, which include discoveries of the cures for many diseases, and the lessening time required to treat the patient that lead to saving of lives, cannot be equated with money. Even the wealthiest person on earth gets sick and requires medicine. Sick people and their families are happy whenever they learn that there is a cure for their diseases and that their lives are lengthened by the healing power of medicine. However, with the high cost of production, stiff competition, and the ever-changing government legislations, pharmaceutical companies are facing major challenges. While the time to bring the pharmaceutical product in the market quickens, the risk involved in the cost recovery and industry survival increases for many pharmaceutical companies. In this view that the selected problem is titled: Ac hieving Operational Excellence in the Pharmaceutical Industry. The selected research problem evaluates the operational and engineering processes used by the pharmaceutical companies. Achieving operational excellence requires that pharmaceutical companies understand the factors which may affect their operations, such as the changing human resources relative to cultural diversity and manpower outsourcing, the impact of the environmental factors, which may include changing government legislations, market trends and future opportunities and threats and the future trends, operational systems, collaborative efforts (merging, tie-ups, etc.) that will all make a difference in the midst of heavy competition and highly selective customers. The selected statement of the problem hopes to reveal the possible solutions to the challenges and in the end provide a wider perspective based on the data presented, evaluated and analyzed. Purpose of the Study The goal of this research is to find out the relevant factors that affect the achievement of the operational excellence of the firms in the pharmaceutical industry. It also hopes to learn and understand what makes a successful pharmaceutical company and how operational excellence can be achieved. Significance of the Study The findings of this research will serve as useful information on understanding the pharmaceutical industry as a whole. Readers will also have a full view of the pharmaceutical industry from its begging up to the current time. Researchers of the same issue will have a concrete basis of analyzing and evaluating for the same. Pharmaceutical companies will have a wider perspective of the industry where they exist, providing them with more information useful in the creation of marketing strategies and operational upgrades. The government will also benefit from this research because, it will present a different interpretation of the key factors affecting the pharmaceutical industry. Research Questions This paper looks into the following issues: (1) How should the current pharmaceutical industry be described in terms of: a. Operational processes and engineering; b. Pharmaceutical technology; c. New product development, Research and development; and Product life cycle; d. Production systems (total quality management, total productive maintenance, etc.); and e. Factors that characterize operational excellence (best practices)? (2) How are performances evaluated? a. The Porter s diamond concept in a pharmaceutical setting (3) What are the challenges of achieving operational efficiency in view of: a. Sensitivity to culture and diversity with respect to a unified corporate thinking; b. Globalization; and c. Human resources development? (4) What are the expected future trends? Background Pharmaceutical firms are categorized according to the nature of their business operations: they are the research-based firms; manufacturing-based firms and a combination of research-based and manufacturing-based firms. Characterized by its two distinct functions: research and development (RD), and manufacturing, the pharmaceutical industry was reported as a $600 billion worth of sales in the year 2006 (economywatch). Specifically, there was a 7 per cent increase on the sales of prescription medicines worldwide or a total of $602 billion based on the report of some major pharmaceutical and medical information firms. These pharmaceutical firms are either, primarily engaged in Research and Development (RD) alone, studying diseases and advancing drugs and medicinal potency while other firms focus on the drug manufacturing process. Large, financially-able and world renowned pharmaceutical companies engaged in both activities. The US is considered as having the number one pharmaceutical market and an increasing trend in the pharmaceutical industry all over the world. According to statistics the highest recorded annual sales of pharmaceutical products and services in the US alone is $252 billion and increases at around 5.7 per cent annually (economywatch). According to a pharmaceutical industry report, the leading countries in the world in terms of potential market are India, China and the United States. The report specifically stated that: The report proved that there is an increasing demand and market for the pharmaceutical industry because of the increasing health awareness of the people all over the world. Literature Review Market intelligence data from IMS Health, a research company providing on pharmaceutical and healthcare industries proved that: in 2002, the estimated worldwide sales for prescription drugs was about $400 billion; and that the United States expenditure on prescription drugs in 2002, was roughly 200 billion dollars which accounted for approximately half of all sales worldwide. But despite this high costs, the United States ranked as the 21st rate on infant mortality in the world, way below Greece and South Korea and only a bit higher in Poland. Also, the United States ranked at the 17th rate in terms of life expectancy all over the world. The research agency also reported that in 2008, the US prescription drugs sales had amounted to a whopping $291 billion dollars every year (sourcewatch). In this view, the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry around the world are enormous (Sherk). One of the main reasons is the pressure of bringing down the prices of medicines and drugs that are considered contributive to the escalating costs of the health care services (Sherk). The cost of health care in the United States is generally double compared to other developed countries in Europe such as Britain, France and Germany. (yahoonews) Furthermore, the United States has reportedly spent 7, 290 dollars per person in the year 2007 but provided no meaningful advantage in terms of quality of care, and placed far behind the averages in the key indicators such as the infant mortality and life expectancy rate compared to the previously mentioned countries. The proposed healthcare reform in the United States, includes the evaluation of the drug costs and the possibility of creating legislations that will regulate the operations of pharmaceutical companies. Research Design The research design that will be used to evaluate and answer the selected problem titled: Achieving Operational Excellence in the Pharmaceutical Industry is qualitative research. The decision to use the qualitative research design was based on the following factors: limited time available, and also, the use of secondary data. In order to answer the general and specific questions, the researcher uses the descriptive research as a type of qualitative method of research. The researcher gathers secondary data from previous researches, statistical reports, surveys, demographic information, and online resources. The data gathered are listed, sorted and analyzed in order to answer the problems undertaken. Findings The following are the findings that were gathered using secondary information, specifically from previous researches, statistical reports, and other sources. (1) How should the current pharmaceutical industry be described in terms of: (a) Operational Processes and Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry Drug Approval and Registration Process As implemented by the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, the strict compliance of the law should be observed in all stages of the operational process and engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, primarily, in the registration (FDA, 2010) The Food Drug Administration (FDA) s fundamental mission is protect the public health is the collection of this information, which is used for important activities such as post-market surveillance for serious adverse drug reactions, inspection of drug manufacturing and processing facilities, and monitoring of drug products imported into the United States. Comprehensive, accurate, and up-to-date information is critical to conducting these activities with efficiency and effectiveness. (FDA, 2010) (b) Process Analytical technologies (PAT) One of the new systems that are being used in the pharmaceutical industry is known as the Process Analytical technologies (PAT). The term Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) has been used to describe a system for designing and controlling manufacturing through timely measurements (i.e. during processing) of critical quality and performance attributes for raw and in-process materials and also processes with the goal of ensuring final product quality. The PAT initiative focuses on building quality into the product and manufacturing processes, as well as continuous process improvement. (pharmainfo.net) c) Industry Operating Procedures The pharmaceutical industry, just like other industries uses the US standard of Accounting GAAP (irs.gov). Pharmaceutical companies have to apply for the registration of their newly discovered drugs or medicines. Before a drug can be tested in people, the drug company or sponsor performs laboratory and animal tests to discover how the drug works and whether its likely to be safe and work well in humans. Next, a series of tests in people is begun to determine whether the drug is safe when used to treat a disease and whether it provides a real health benefit. The process must be based on the steps set by the Food and Drug administration of the country of operation. The development and Approval Process of Drugs in the United States is believed to be the safest and the most advanced pharmaceutical system in the world. Another unique operational process used by the pharmaceutical companies is in the area of marketing. Unlike, the traditional selling and buying area of many products, selli ng drugs is a very complicated issue. Before companies can sell drugs, they have to seek approval and license from the FDA. Marketing in the pharmaceutical industry is commonly through salesmen. (2) How are performances evaluated? Porter s Five Forces of Industry Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry The pharmaceutical industry has high barriers to entry, primarily because capital is huge in this business. The need to allocate heavily on research and development is highly important if one will enter this industry, not mentioning high threat from government policies, and longer or no return on investment. The supplier power has low impact because material supplies are solely for pharmaceutical companies alone, and shelf life of chemicals is longer than any ordinary supplies. Buyer power depends on the kind of medicine being produced, if the medicine has no other substitute, then buyer power is low, and vice versa. The threat of substitutes is also low in the pharmaceutical industry, because although generics have been gaining popularity and acceptance, still, many consumers believe branded medicines are more effective. In terms of competitive rivalry, the pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive. Mullins (2006) reported that the industry was overpopulated and not one company has more than 5 percent market share. In addition, market growth rate is also minimal. (3) What are the challenges of achieving operational efficiency in view of (a) Sensitivity to culture and diversity with respect to a unified corporate thinking; (b) Globalization and (c) Human resources development. The changing landscape of business due to the forces of the new and changing environment have become the major influences in the manner in which leading function in the organization is done today. Unlike the traditional leadership process, global leadership extends its functions to new horizons and length that increased values for businesses, hence an increased risks. Leaders are more flexible and multi-skilled today. Thus, new business horizons that offer new and improved opportunities are available for global leaders to take advantage of. With the right attitude and qualifications, success in the business is possible for global leaders. The secrets however, lie on the ability of the leader to understand these new concepts and challenges. Human Resource Management or HRM is an activity that is focused on recruiting, managing and developing the people in an organization. This function also deals with the issues regarding employee compensation, hiring, performance evaluation, safety, development, wellness, communication, training and development. The human resource management in the organization plays a big role in making strategic and coherent approach to managing the company s most important asset; its people. The HRM function is seen by most companies as a major contributing factor in aligning specific assignment to the employee s capabilities. In doing so, the company will be able to efficiently achieve its goals at a minimum required resources. Factors that affect staffing and staffing turnover are considered to be a big problem faced by human resource managers. Pinkerton (2001) made an effort to know the reasons that influence the staffing needs of hospitals. The answers vary depending on the hospital, the top thr ee include, teamwork or no teamwork/unit cohesiveness, chaos factors impacting the delivery of nursing care and effectiveness of communication. The factors affect staffing which can be categorized under external and internal. The external factors include the level of education, the prevailing attitudes in society (the kind of attitude toward work), the many laws and regulations that directly affect staffing, the economic conditions, and the supply of and demand for the manpower outside the enterprise. Organizational goals, tasks, technology, organization structure, the kinds of people employed by the enterprise, the demand for and the supply of managers within the enterprise, the reward system, and various kinds of policies are the internal factors which may affect staffing. For example, the use of high technology in most industries requires extensive and intensive education and training. The organization s ability to effect change is largely affected by the organizational culture because it serves as the basic nature and characteristics of the whole organization. Where organizational culture is deep seated and forms underlying subcultures, it is more difficult to change and therefore sets a more challenging role for leaders who want to implement change in the organization. The tendency to resist change is higher when organizational culture is more cohesive and more symbolical. Since the organization comprises of people that have different behaviors, talents, skills, knowledge, values, personality and many other differences, working together they come on terms to manage each other s differences. Culture is the behavior which formed when the people in the organization meet and agreed verbally and nonverbally and creates rule for doing the task. (Heathfield) Diversity The diversity in the organization was previously seen as a negative factor, but in today s environment where change is inevitable, it adds up to the company s flexibility in order to survive the competition in the market. In an organization where diversity is high, the leader must understand and know how to deal with it and use them effectively as a competitive advantage. Nowadays, many organizations employ diverse group of employees because they want to create a unique culture which adds up to the value of the organizational workforce. Common diversities in the organization include racial mixes, foreign workforces, women on the job, and disabled workers. (4) What are the expected future trends? Major transformations are occurring in the delivery of healthcare worldwide. Medical and healthcare technologies are increasingly impacting the clinical as well as the administrative dimensions of healthcare care delivery. Innovations introduced in the last decade have created accumulated effects that will be compounded with the continuing technical progress in medicine. Areas such as telemedicine, telehealth, computerized medical records, e-health and use of the Internet in B2B and B2C applications in healthcare are some of the milestones in the almost total revamping of the healthcare landscape. Medical and healthcare technologies are already transforming the operations, design and mission of hospitals. In this regard, the challenges for the future are an exciting opportunity for study, reflection, planning, and intervention. Technology assessment (TA) arose in the mid-1960s from an appreciation of the critical role of technology in modern society and its potential for unintended, and sometimes harmful, consequences. Congress commissioned independent studies by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress that significantly influenced the development and application of TA. These studies and further congressional hearings led the National Science Foundation to establish a TA program and, in 1972, Congress to authorize the congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), which was founded in 1973, became operational in 1974, and established its health program in 1975. Another factor that is considered as a threat not only to pharmaceutical industry but all industries is the globalization. Globalization has been creating impacts to various industries and individuals. The possibilities associated with it are countless. Hence, it also poses higher threats to many. Globalization has influenced major transformations on the organizational structures, and the processes of firms whether locally or internationally operated. Globalization also redefined the functions and roles of the intermediaries. Distribution of products has become entirely dependent on the intermediaries. Companies are trying to lessen interaction costs and because of this, have outsourced services from other countries to take advantage of the economies of scale. Industrial sectors have to undergo extensive structural changes which become more visible in the sectors that are based highly on the advanced technologies. Examples include the car industry, pharmaceutical industry and the tel ecommunications, among others. Conclusions and Recommendations Based on this research study, there are several lessons which could be learned from the evaluation of and analysis performed in the pharmaceutical industry. Primarily, the safety and security of our lives depend on the ability of the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and, CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the AMA (American Medical Association) and APA (American Pharmacists Association), to screen and select the safest medicine, drugs and vaccines. The criteria set should always and consistently be tested, proven, and communicated to all industry players. Second, the operations of the pharmaceutical companies are generally affected by the changes in the industry. The relative amount of information available in understanding or describing a situation can significantly help in making valuable decision regarding the business operation. Third, the threat on the human resources because of globalization is considered a very critical issue even in the pharmaceutical industry. In the situation where there is limited available resources, need is high for an effective HR planning. Maximizing employee performances through devising appropriate training is also vital to the needs of the company. The approach will also help in maximizing the return on investment of the any organization s human capital and minimizing the financial risk is the main objective of human resources. Finally, it should therefore be concluded that the operational excellence in the pharmaceutical industry will only be achieved when companies learn to adapt the changes and developments brought about by the globalization.

Harriet Jacobs Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay -- Feminis

Harriet Jacobs' Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl The feminist movement sought to gain rights for women. Many feminist during the early nineteenth century fought for the abolition of slavery around the world. The slave narrative became a powerful feminist tool in the nineteenth century. Black and white women are fictionalized and objectified in the slave narrative. White women are idealized as pure, angelic, and chaste while black woman are idealized as exotic and contained an uncontrollable, savage sexuality. Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of A Slave Girl, brought the sexual oppression of captive black women into the public and political arena. Harriet Jacobs takes a great risk writing her trials as a house servant in the south and a fugitive in the north. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl gives a true account of the brutality slavery held for women. A perspective that was relatively secretive during Jacobs’ time. Jacobs’ narrative focuses on subjugation due to race but it also portrays many women an strong and often open roles. Women in these roles were minimal and often suffered for their outspoken roles. Harriet Jacobs’ narrative is a powerful statement unveiling the impossibility and undesirability of achieving the ideal put forth by men and maintained by women. Jacobs directs her account of the afflictions a woman is subjected to in the chain of slavery to women of the north to gain sympathy for their sisters that were enslaved in the south. In showing this, Jacobs reveals the danger of such self disapprobation women maintained by accepting the idealized role that men have set a goal for which to strive. She suggests that slave women be judged by different standards than those applied to other women. Jacobs develops a moral code that apprises the specific social and historical position of captive black women. Jacobs’ will power and strength shown in her narrative are characteristics of womanly behavior being developed by the emerging feminist movement. In struggling against the brutal dynamics of a system that simultaneously set before her ideals of a true woman, but refused to acknowledge her as a human being, Jacobs emerges scarred but victorious. Her rational powers and will to action facilitate her efforts to find strategies for dealing with sexual harassment from her master, for maintaining family unity, and in estab... ...denying society’s firm position for women by refusing to be owned, refusing to submit , and refusing to be bought out of her captivity. Linda rejects the notion of true womanhood that has been passes on for centuries and takes control of her future and her children’s future. Linda gains her peace by escaping to the north. Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is one of the few narratives depicting the degradation’s endured by female slaves at the hand of brutal masters. Jacobs’ narrative is sending a message to women to come together and end the unfair treatment all women are subjected to. By bringing images of slavery and the message of unity of women to the forefront, Jacobs is attempting to end the tyranny over women perpetrated by men and the tyranny over blacks perpetrated by whites. Integrity and agency are ideals that Americans have fought for over the years. Jacobs reshapes these ideas and makes decisions and takes full reposibilities for her actions to become the ideal and representative image of womanhood. Work Cited: Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company

Cybersex: Human Sexuality Essay

Human sexuality is an enormous part of a human life and people are constantly faced with sexuality challenges. As the world evolves, ideas and inventions are voiced and created to make life better for everyone and the internet is one of these creations becoming an essential part of many lives all over the world. Cybersex is a growing form of sexual expression over a computer where people get arousal through typed text, video, images and spoken voice (Waskul : 2003). Because cybersex is so wholly person, yet so wholly impersonal creates many interesting qualities in the phenomenon (Waskul: 2003). With the internet rapidly becoming one of the most used tools in the world, it seems only an easy and curiousity driven progression that relationships arousal is experienced via technology. The underlying question of this innovation is whether or not cybersex will transform human sexuality or is it merely a backward step for society? In an investigation performed of online users, three types of cybersex participants were established. Firstly, there were the recreational users who perform cybersex for curiosity and entertainment. Secondly, the sexual compulsives who use it for sexual desires and lastly the at –risk users who rely on internet interaction, have a definite addiction which leads them to becoming isolated, living solely from this fantasy world (Cooper:2000). Cybersex is a virtual environment with convincing representations that become real through their outcomes (Waskul:2003). The manifestations of cybersex allows people to react to them as if they were real which is how we come to the conclusion of Cybersex having the three types of users, the level of addiction depending on how deeply persuaded someone is. Cybersex used in control is healthy and no different to watching pornography. However, it can grow from transforming human sexuality to being very problematic and as we can tell from above, if not done in moderation it will have harmful effects. The vast number of sexually- oriented online chat rooms is a huge reflection of the immense ranging sexual interests that are now spreading throughout cyber space. New forms of identity as well as intimate liaisons are being created all the time. Be it â€Å"sexually active women, men, teenage and adult homosexuals, closeted and open bisexuals, people with multiple sex partners, part-time or full-time sex workers† or trans genders, all have found a new means to build their solidarity through the internet (Castells:1996). The internet mediated environment has become a very important channel through which individuals are freeing their embodiments which help to further pronounce their sexual practices. People always try and find ‘closure’ amongst feelings or ideas which are not settled. People tend to feel more clear headed if they can pin theirs, or someone else’s sexuality down to a label. The qualities of cyber space liaisons make it possible for identities to be truly â€Å"fluid†(Castells:1996). Identities are no longer fixed but instead taken up, created and explored, mixed and matched, and eventually given up only to try out a series of other sexual identities (Castells:1996). Nowhere else is this identity formation process more actively carried out then on the internet. What leads someone into a potentially dangerous and addictive area is when they do not give up their online identity and pursue the one that is true to them in the real world. They resort to the online cyber space to free themselves from the fake persona they have created outside this fantastical world. Cybersex is an escapist method for some people, diverting their sexual struggle away from the focus of society. The cyberspaces’ anonymity allows a person to freely follow their sexual desires and curiosity without the pressure and possibility of ridicule from society. This could go two ways. Either this expression will help them become more comfortable in their own skin which in turn, helps them be honest in the real world, or it could have the opposite affect with it becoming counterproductive to an individual (Cooper:2000) Someone could get so used to this gratification away from the public eye that it becomes an addiction. However for those individuals who don’t use it as an escapism and purely to connect with the sexual minorities it could potentially transform sexuality. There is now an application on the i-phone called ‘grinder’ in which a gay boy can sign up and it will search for all the other same orientated people within a five kilometre radius of you. You can chat with someone and see if you like talking to them, and if so, this progresses to meeting up in person if both parties are willing. It seems to be of great advantage to those looking to connect with other like minded sexual beings. Cybersex is extremely accessible, and anyone can sign on practically anywhere, anytime. It could be argued that this is a brilliant innovation where bodies, sex and society are interrelated for the first time that it is transforming people and their sexuality through its availability (Waskul:2003). One does no longer have to wait to have sexual interaction by relying on someone else, it is all on your terms. If this is just as exciting to someone having the absence on a real body, opposed to actually having one, then it’s hard to argue against there being a problem because you are causing no direct harm to anyone else if you use cybersex safely. If an individual is confused about their sexuality, the internet is very accessible and affordable where they can seek experience to try and come to a realization of their orientation within themselves. But is this always healthy? As I mentioned before, it can help someone to become more open, but on the flip side, it is very negative. If someone is faced with a situation where they are actually gay but married to the opposite sex and have a job where their boss is a homophobic, it seems almost incomprehensible that they could ‘come out’ and live a happy life. Driven by their distress and/or unhappiness, they resort to online arousal with the same sex. Cybersex could just be an avoidance of sexual issues someone is facing. It is important to consider whether cyberspace is a new virtual world? Which is merely a progression and natural development from the outside, physical world, or is it purely a fantastical world which makes it impossible to ever look at it with objectivity as a transformation of modern physical world. People tend to modify and refine their values and actions in response to what society views as acceptable (Cooper:2000). An individual could pose as anyone they wanted. In a sense, most people do this in some form every now and then, whether it be them sending a text as someone else or they are an actress so take on the role of another individual. The difference is over the internet they don’t have the conscience of others judging them so are more likely to get more deeply involved in their false personality. With the anonymity one receives online, they no longer have the force and influence of society helping them guide them in a suitable direction. The characteristics of online interaction could potentially make someone act in a harmful way. They begin to not be considerate of other people’s needs and wants, and instead go about cybersex in a very egotistical manner. On the flip side, it could help someone to grow as an individual, allowing them to change their opinion with the click of a mouse and explore different areas of themselves and ways on interacting with another being (Castells:1996). This can shift boundaries f the rigid ideas society has of what a relationship should and shouldn’t be, developing ones sexuality greatly. Sex is a big part of sexuality, but there are so many more components to discovering ones sexuality such as mental, emotional and spiritual which cybersex seems to ignore. Does cybersex just boil down to the pure physical side? Sex is a very important part of any relationship but cybersex full emphasis is on sex (Waskul:2003). It seems to stray away from the enormity of the subject of se xuality and only be for physical arousal. I’m sure this can develop sexuality, but it is hard to see it transforming if it ignores these other important areas of the subject. As people pursue pseudo intimate relationships, will this have an effect on their ability to have a real world relationship? They are satisfied from this online experience so don’t feel the desire to try and make a real life one work which is much more difficult. But satisfaction is probably the extent of happiness one would get from cybersex, where a real life person could exceed this satisfaction. In an interview I did of one of my friends who takes part in cybersex, she comments in response to this paragraph â€Å"well you may think that real life relationships are better, but I don’t see it that way. There is a detachment from emotions so I don’t need to fear being hurt. Its all very practical, I get my excitement but there is never any down side to it for me. Im just as happy as anyone else†. It is important to make a distinction between people who do it for get rid of the ache or longing for real physical sex, and ones who merely want a good time and fun experience. It’s a tough debate to see if people who are against cybersex are because they are conventional and have a set idea of the meaning of sex or because they see it merely as a commodity where the negative effects rule out every positive one and the commodity is a terrible backwards step for the progression of sexuality in society. Cybersex relies on accessibility, so what does this mean for third world countries? It can only transform sexuality with those countries that have access to internet. In a sense, cybersex is completely dependent on region, and something that is going to have transforming effects needs to be available to everyone. This phenomenon may have begun with good intentions, but society has perverted it. It does enhance sexuality but only within a definite circle (Cooper:2000). As soon as you move outside these lines its side effects overwhelm its positive potential. It is an individual’s free choice to par- take in cybersex. It is very important to step back and think about the meaning of â€Å"sex† and perhaps it should be something that goes beyond momentary gratification or is this once again, a view which has been socially constructed? Cybersex is a topic which has many opposing arguments and it is hard to reach a settled opinion on the matter. Like I have stated throughout this essay, there are many negative effects to the internet sensation but there are negative effects to anything in life. I don’t think it has the potential to transform sexuality as due to the characteristics of it most people would be uncomfortable. All it really boils down to an individual’s personal choice and if they can use it wisely and approach it with wariness.